2024年3月软件水平考试考试《(中级) 软件设计师》考点练习题

|类别:软件水平考试

【单选题】以下关于测试方法的叙述中,不正确的是( )。

A、根据被测代码是否可见分为白盒测试和黑盒测试

B、黑盒测试一般用来确认软件功能的正确性和可操作性

C、静态测试主要是对软件的编程格式结构等方面进行评估

D、动态测试不需要实际执行程序

答案:D

解析:试题分析: 动态测试是指通过人工或使用工具运行程序进行检查、分析程序的执行状态和程序的外部表现。所以选项D是错误的描述。


【单选题】以下关于层次化局域网模型中核心层的叙述,正确的是( )。

A、为了保障安全性,对分组要进行有效性检查

B、将分组从一个区域高速地转发到另一个区域

C、由多台二、三层交换机组成

D、提供多条路径来缓解通信瓶颈

答案:B


【单选题】In a world where it seems we already have too much to do, and too many things to think about, it seems the last thing we need is something new that we have to learn. But use cases do solve a problem with requirements:with (71) declarative requirements it"s hard to describe steps and sequences of events. Use cases, stated simply, allow description of sequences of events that, taken together, lead to a system doing something useful.As simple as this sounds,this is important. When confronted only with a pile of requiements, it"s often(72)to make sense of what the authors of the requirements really wanted the system to do.In the preceding example, use cases reduce the ambiguity of the requirements by specifying exactly when and under what conditions certain behavior occurs;as such, the sequence of the behaviors can be regarded as a requirement. Use cases are particularly well suited to capture approaches. Although this may sound simple, the fact is that (73) requirement capture approaches, with their emphasis on declarative requirements and "shall" statements,completely fail to capture fail to capture the (74) of the system"s behavior. Use cases are a simple yet powerful way to express the behavior of the system in way that all stakeholders can easily understand. But,like anything, use cases come with their own problems, and as useful as they are,they can be (75). The result is something that is as bad, if not worse, that the original problem.Therein it"s important to utilize use cases effectively without creating a greater problem than the one you started with.

A、statics

B、nature

C、dynamics

D、originals

答案:C

解析:在这个世界上,似乎我们有太多的事情要去做,有太多的事情要去思考,那么需要做的最后一件事就是必须学习新事物。 而用例恰恰可以解决带有需求的问题:如果具有严格声明的需求,则很难描述事件的步骤和序列。 简单地说,用例可以将事件序列的说明放在一起,引导系统完成有用的任务。正如听起来一样简单---这很重要。在面对很多需求的时候,通常不太可能理解需求的作者真正想要系统做什么。在前面的例子中,通过指定特定行为发生的时间和条件,用例减少了需求的不确定性。这样的话,行为的顺序就可以当作是一种需求。用例特别适用于捕捉这类需求。尽管听起来可能很简单,但事实情况是由于常规的需求捕捉方法所侧重的是声明需求和“应该怎么样”的陈述,因此完全无法捕捉系统行为的动态方面。用例是一种简单而有效的表达系统行为的方式,使用这种方式所有参与者都很容易理解。 但是与任何事物一样,用例也存在自己的问题---在用例非常有用的同时,人们也可能误用它,结果就产生了比原来更为糟糕的问题。因此重点在于:如何有效地使用用例,而又不会产生比原来更严重的问题


【单选题】

A、类

B、对象

C、流名称

D、消息

答案:B

解析:通信图也叫做协作图,描述的是对象和对象之间的关系,即一个类操作的实现简而言之就是,对象和对象之间的调用关系,体现的是一种组织关系“协作”作为一个结构事物用于表达静态结构和动态行为的概念组合,表达不同事物相互协作完成一个复杂功能文本框中的“:”号,表示一个对象,“:”号前的部分是对象名,“:”号后面的部分是类名,对象之间连线上面的箭头所标识的是对象之间通信的消息


【单选题】以下关于CISC/RISC计算机的叙述中,不正确的是______

A、RISC机器指令比CISC机器指令简单

B、RISC机器中通用寄存器比CISC多

C、CISC机器采用微码比RISC多

D、CISC机器比RISC机器可以更好地支持高级语言

答案:D


【单选题】某软件项目的活动图如下图所示,其中顶点表示项目里程碑,连接顶点的边表示包含的活动,边上的数字表示活动的持续时间(天),则完成该项目的最少时间为( )天。活动BD和HK最早可以从第( )天开始。(活动AB、AE和AC最早从第1天开始)(2017年上半年)

A、3和10

B、4和11

C、3和9

D、4和10

答案:B

解析:由于在一个项目中时间最长的活动序列,决定着项目最短工期。而时间最长的是AEGHKL,需要时间20,所以答案是D。BD活动在AB活动结束之后便可以开始,同时AB是第1天开始,而非第0天开始,所以最早开始时间为4。HK活动需要在AEGH与ACFH两条路径上的活动均完成之后,才能开始,所以最早开始时间为11。


【单选题】模块A执行几个逻辑上相似的功能,通过参数确定该模块完成哪一个功能,则该模块具有( )内聚。

A、顺序

B、过程

C、逻辑

D、功能

答案:C

解析:模块的内聚性表现了模块内部各元素结合的紧密程度按模块内聚程度从低到高排序为:①偶然内聚、②逻辑内聚、③时间内聚、④过程内聚、⑤通信内聚、⑥顺序内聚、⑦功能内聚逻辑内聚是指模块内执行几个逻辑上相似的功能,通过参数确定该模块完成哪一个功能


【单选题】Software entities are more complex for their size than perhaps any other human construct, because no two parts are alike (at least above the statement level). If they are, we make the two similar parts into one, a(71 ), open or closed. In this respect software systems differ profoundly from computers,buildings, or automobiles, where repeated elements abound. Digital computers are themselves more complex than most things people build; they have very large numbers of states. This makes conceiving, describing, and testing them hard. Software systems have orders of magnitude more (72 )than computers do. Likewise, a scaling-up of a software entity is not merely a repetition of the same elements in larger size; it is necessarily an increase in the number of different elements. In most cases, the elements interact with each other in some( 73 )fashion,and the complexity of the whole increases much more than linearly. The complexity of software is a(an)(74 )property, not an accidental one. Hence descriptions of a software entity that abstract away its complexity often abstract away its essence.Mathematics and the physical sciences made great strides for three centuries by constructing simplified models of complex phenomena, deriving properties from the models, and verifying those properties experimentally. This worked because the complexities(75 )in the models were not the essential properties of the phenomena. It does not work when the complexities are the essence. Many of the classical problems of developing software products derive from this essential complexity and its nonlinear increases with size. Not only technical problems but management problems as well come from the complexity.

A、linear

B、nonlinear

C、parallel

D、additive

答案:B


【单选题】请填写第一空

A、V(S1)和P(S2)V(S3)

B、P(S1)和V(S2)V(S3)

C、V(S1)和V(S2)V(S3)

D、P(S1)和P(S2)V(S3)

答案:B

解析:图中有五条箭线,因此需要设置五个信号量,按照从小到大的顺序分别是:P1→P2是S1,P2→P3是S2,P2→P4是S3,P3→P4是S4,P4→P5是S5。每个进程开始的时候执行P操作(P1没有P操作,只有V操作),结束的时候执行V操作,如P2开始的时候执行P(S1)的操作,结束时执行V(S2)的操作。其他同理


【单选题】设某n阶三对角矩阵Anxn的示意图如下图所示。若将该三对角矩阵的非零元素按行存储在一维数组B[k](1≤k≤3*n-2)中,则k与i、j的对应关系是( )。

A、k=2i+j-2

B、k=2i-j+2

C、k=3i+j-1

D、K=3i-j+2

答案:A

解析:本题考查数据结构基础知识。解答该问题需先计算排列在Ai,j之前的元素个数。在按行存储方式下,存储在Ai,j之前的元素分为i-1行,除第1行外,每行3个元素。在第i行上,Ai,j之前的元素个数分为三种情况:i>j时为0个,i=j时有1个,i < j时为2个,概括为j-i+1个。综上,排列在Ai,j之前的元素个数为(i-1)×3-1+j-i+1,即2i+j-3。由于数组B的下标从1开始,所以k=2i+j-3+1。